Third and fourth degree hemorrhoids normally can't be treated by normal procedures and require a hemorrhoidectomy. This surgery is used to remove internal hemorrhoids and in some severe cases it can be used to remove external hemorrhoids that have not been cured with the normal medication that is given.

When under going this operation, it is necessary to use anesthesia and depending on the extent of the surgery, the patients' preference to the medication and the patients' health, there are three types of anesthesia that can be applied. The types of anesthesia are the following: general anesthesia, that leaves the patient fully unconscious, spinal anesthesia, which numbs from the waist down and local anesthesia which is injected directly into the area that is going to be operated on.

Not eating a minimum of 12 hours before the surgery averts the risk of vomiting during the operation and also in recovery; this is highly recommended by the doctors and surgeons. It is also normal to undergo various tests before the surgery will take place, these can include blood tests and urine tests. In very sever cases if the patient is extremely poorly, other tests will take place such as an x-ray and aspirin to thin out the blood.

The hemorrhoidectomy will last form anything from 1 hour up to 1 and a half hours if all of the previous tests have been passed accordingly. The operation is a simple on which the patient is laid face down on the table with his legs held in straps so that the buttocks is facing up with both anus and rectum exposed. Once the anesthesia starts taking effect, the surgeon will proceed to clamp and tie the hemorrhoid so that it will not bleed, and with a scalpel, remove the hemorrhoid.

Once the operation is over, the patient will be sent to observation until the anesthesia wears out of the body completely; the patients will then undergo another test to see if he can urinate, this is to assure that there is no inflammation in the tissues sometimes caused by the operation. If everything is fine the patient will be sent home, but if any complication should arise, the patient will be hospitalized.

On most occasions, after effects may arise such as blood in stools or bleeding when moving bowels. The doctor normally provides the patient with pain medicine and numbing tablets which are used when moving bowels; this is very common right after the operation takes place. It is also highly recommended to take antibiotics prescribed by the doctor for the prevention of any illness that might happen.

The post operation patients must undergo a regular check up with their doctor and also necessary care at home. So that stools pass without necessary strain it is recommended to intake a lot of fiber foods and take stool softener medicine. A long bath in warm water to aid relax the anal muscles also helps ease pain and itching that can be caused by the surgery.

Every surgery has its risk factor and common side effects. Some more common than others may appear after having a hemorrhoidectomy. The most common problems can include hematoma, constipation, bleeding and difficulties to urinate. More uncommon problems can occur at a later time and can be risky; these include bleeding severely and hemorrhoid reappearance. It is necessary to see a doctor straight away if any of these symptoms appear.

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